From a tree health perspective: A proactive way to build winter protection in trees is to develop a strong vascular system and ensure it has plenty of sugars and other nutrients to hold/use to withstand the temps and lower the internal freezing temp (the tree wants to prevent water inside of it from freezing, it wants to avoid freezing/internal cell damage, etc.)
Proper pruning, feeding, and photosynthesis will be an ongoing process of winter defense. The healthier the tree, the more beefed up, the better it will withstand the elements.