I had the same situation with my Fukien tea two years ago when bringing in it for the winter. It was also suffering from black spot fungus (which seems to be very common with this species), but the tree was otherwise very healthy and vigorous.
It took several months of regular fungicide/insecticide spraying and dead leaf pruning to get rid of the aphids. The black spot took over a year to get rid of and required meticulously removing any leaf with signs of black spot, making sure not to let infected leaves touch healthy leaves. The fungus spreads very easily thru contact or through watering. My tree was almost completely defoliated at one point but has finally recovered! I’ll keep it indoors permanently from now on
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