He probably used a burr on a die grinder tool to make the concave cut. My speculation is he filled the cavity with the putty type cut paste, as a temporary measure to keep the center heartwood from rotting. He could refresh it from time to time to keep it soft and waterproof. But, that’s just my best guess.I'm curious how or what tools were used to get that perfect concave carved end out of the trunk. Also curious how the water was dealt with.