Maybe. I'm no expert.
My thinking is this:
Go back to the picture showing the sucker right after it was girdled. Rotate it 90 degrees, and imagine you're looking at a branch starting from a trunk in stead. The girdle would be just a ring of bark cut in the trunk around where the branch starts, not actually around the branch itself.
Now, if it were an actual branch on an actual trunk, we'd all say it's theoretically possible for it to succeed, but no one would be surprised it didn't. It's just in a sketchy spot, essentially cutting bark right on the node.
Assuming roots work essentially the same way as branches, just their extremities geared toward absorbing nutrient solutions versus transporting carbohydrates from the foliage, we'd never expect carving a ring over top a node to be successful. I'm not certain of the exact details of why it works how it does in that exact spot, but we'd all have our doubts about its efficacy.
That situation never occurred to me until
@HoneyHornet asked his question. We'd never suggest girdling a branch in that way in that position, so why would we think it would work on a root?