Thanks Fredman & Anthony. I am aware that ground is best for thickening trunk / roots and that there is a stage between ground and the final display bonsai pot.
For me personally, the container in that stage has to be a colander / air-pruning pot. Porous clay pots do not air-prune and are not the same as a colander. In a scoop test (scoop out water from a bucket with the pot / container), nothing beats a colander type of container in drainage and root aeration !
Good drainage and aeration begins with the pot, not soil. That is the whole point of my article.
I do not understand why bonsai nurseries grow pre-bonsai stock in traditional plastic pots instead of net-pots of similar size. Frequent watering cannot be an excuse. Its their job. I do not understand why people choose between watering and air-pruning, when both are required. Its like asking should i breathe in or out. They just need to find a suitable solution that is simple and cheap.
Besides, if you look beyond bonsai and specifically at the much bigger container gardening category, I would expect air-pruning pots to be the standard pot used but the exact opposite is happening ! For some strange reason, the world (including horticulture universities), seems to love low density circling roots and pots with poor drainage & poor aeration ! (sorry, i got a bit dramatic
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Branch refinement can be done anywhere. I am getting good results with it on a ground specimen and on another specimen (the tip of a branch on a big tree), which has been repeatedly pruned for a future air-layer. I will wire it soon, while it is on the tree still. My plants in colander too are being ramified. A colander does thicken the trunk a bit and i look at it as a positive side effect. For apartment dwellers like me, it is the main effect too. However, I understand clearly that a colander is more of an air-pruning container than a trunk thickening machine.
And I have already read 2 big interesting debates of the past, on colanders on this forum. So, I do not want to start it all over again. My lips are sealed on this topic for now. I will post some of my work soon in another thread.