I would suggest not going past viable buds on this years growth. Now, if caught early enough (re: before buds really extend - I pinch by blue's when the new growth is about 1" long) they can be pinched which will induce further budding at the base or even on the pinched shoot (sometimes right at the sight of the pinch). In time those pinched shoots are removed in favor of the new growth the pinching produced. If the growth has already begun to harden for the year your only choice is to cut to a young bud on that shoot. You can decide to cut it wherever you want and hope for a new push of buds on that shoot next year, but that is a 50/50 in my experience and you have to be ready for that shoot to ultimately be removed.
As mentioned above, work with what you have at the time and pinch/prune to provide more options. If you have long leggy branches it's not impossible to reduce the length but, it is a long process and don't expect dramatic results.