The correct name is Ficus microcarpa. It used to be called Ficus retusa, but the taxonomists changed it. A "ginseng" ficus like yours has roots of a large variety of F. microcarpa with the foliage of a dwarf cultivar of the same species grafted on top. Common cultivars used for this are 'Green Island' and 'Green Gem'. I don't know if tiger bark is a different common name for the species or a distinct variety.
The foliage on the cuttings you started looks like 'Green Island' or 'Green Gem'. But at least some of the foliage left on the original tree looks like normal F. microcarpa. Notice how the leaves on the lowest branch are pointed at both ends instead of rounded? Grafted trees often sprout shoots from below the graft, and these will have the foliage of the root stock.
In any event, the original tree and the cuttings are the same species and are cared for in the same way. This species is easy to grow and develops quickly, so yes it is good material to work with. Most bonsai people find the extremely enlarged roots (the "ginseng" part) unattractive and either just keep the top, or find some way to conceal the big roots. But this is your tree and if you like them, keep them. Because you started cuttings from the top, these will not have the very enlarged roots and can be trained into more typical bonsai.
You have lots of fun options!
