I have never tried it myself yet, but I have come across pictures of grape vine as bonsai. Though I don't think I've seen one with proportionally smaller leaves.
If you found it volunteering in your garden, it could be one of many many varieties of wild grape. You may never get good fruit from it if that is the case, but it will be very hardy.
I love the little scene you've created there. From my experience growing big vines, the fruit, like many fruit trees, is only born on the new year's growth. These also back bud very well, so once you get the "trunk" where you want it, you can just prune off the year's growth and start over the next year. The bad side there is that it may build up causing horrible inverse taper quickly. I'm sure there's a way around that, but I've not grown them from a bonsai perspective, so couldn't tell you how.