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Trees survive temperatures below 0C/32F by increasing the level of sugars in their tissues - sugar is antifreeze.
Water expands when it freezes. This is why ice floats and is found atop liquid ponds, lakes (and at the north pole in winter, for that matter). So your pot may get broken by the expansion, but your tree's roots don't get crushed by water freezing in the substrate
Thank you 0soyoung! Does the tree produce enough antifreeze so that the water in the roots doesn't freeze and expand? The pot I can replace, the roots are more important to me