#pruning

Hello all! So I used to be into bonsai and was quite active on here a good few years ago...have various forgotten 'projects' in two raised beds. Had planned to let them thicken up for a few years. But had some health issues, then got really into climbing, then got married so the garden has been...

I'd like to know your opinion on whether you would prune a JM or a deciduous tree in general before or after the leaves have fallen. A reason to prune before, let's say a month before the temperature drops: you give the tree some time to heal the cuts. A reason to prune after: all the sugars in...

Hello, Attached are a couple angled pictures of this P. afra specimen I picked up online. I have already structurally pruned it, but I have a hard time deciding the trunk like and when to prune. Also, how do I make the trunk line smooth from the stumps of previous cuts? Thanks!